The Theories Of A Communicable Disease - 1878 Words

Epidemiology can be defined as a medical science discipline that arranges the structure for studying the distribution and determinants of health, communicable disease, and circumstances related to health status. The epidemiology research help to understand in what means a person catch diseases or disorders, the changes, and how the disorders affect the population. The nurses that work with these communities to help identify the onset of communicable diseases determine new victims, the patterns it spread, the causes or preventive methods are known as community or public health nursing (Maurer, Smith, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to explain on the concepts of a communicable disease â€Å"Chickenpox† with its own unique epidemiology and†¦show more content†¦These rashes will go through stages of blistering, bursting, drying and crushing over and it takes about 5 to 7 days for this process to complete, by 10 to 21 days all the blisters have crusted over (CDC 2016). Once there is a dry scabs formation, the virus is unlikely to spread. Chickenpox disease can cause serious complications on infants, adults, adolescents, pregnant women and those with weakened immune system like HIV/Aids or cancer patients, people with organ transplants, on chemotherapy, immunosuppressive medications or long-term use of steroids. Complications includes pneumonia, dehydration, sepsis, bleeding problems, children having bacterial infection like group A streptococcal on the skin and soft tissues, and death to unvaccinated person. If a pregnant woman is infected with Chickenpox at her first trimester, the diseases can cause rare congenital symptoms on the fetal which presents as congenital varicella syndrome, low birth weight, atrophy, neurological abnormalities, or scarring of the skin and eyes (Maurer Smith 2013). Chickenpox can best be prevented by given the dose of varicella vaccine to children, adolescents, adults and the herpes zoster vaccine for people age 60 and above (Maurer Smith 2013). Generally, people who get the vaccine will not get chickenpox, however, if the vaccinated person get chickenpox, the symptoms is usually mild fever or no fever, fewer red spots or blisters. The treatment of acute infection ofShow MoreRelatedThe Revitalization Of Respiratory Disorder875 Words   |  4 Pagesof program of awareness about poisonous substances which cause respiratory disease and how to prevent from these communicable diseases. Key words: Tuberculosis, Public Health law, ethics, communicable disease. Critiques: In this article the author directly stated the problem, which is death of population from tuberculosis, and rate of morbidity and mortality was very high. In the mid of 1953s prevention of theses disease was very low but at the beginning of 1984 it was steadily declined becauseRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagesexploitative social and economic structures’ (Tutorial letter 102/0/2013for Pyc4811, 2013) Public health, like community psychology, focuses on prevention of disease. It is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards† by the American Heritage Dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Like community psychologyRead MoreTheory and the Nursing Process942 Words   |  4 Pages Theory and the Nursing Process Kenneth L. Harris University of Phoenix Community and Family Nursing NSG 420 June 22, 2015 Kimberly Lewis RN, MSN-Ed Theory and the Nursing Process The theoretical basis for public and community nurses began in the nineteenth century with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale believed in the prevention and surveillance of diseases. She further believed that a disease was more prevalent in poor environments. She proved that good health was more prevalent with a goodRead MoreJohn Snow: Cholera1295 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals and believed improper sewage filtration was to blame as well as a means of spreading the disease from person to person. However, previous explanations of how cholera was contracted consisted of the theory of airborne infection. This theory proposed that cholera was contracted by inhaling air at low levels of altitude by such people as workers in slaughterhouses and bone merchants. This theory also proposed that the foul-smelling odors associated with these occupations were closely correlatedRead MoreAssessment Of Health Protection As Part Of A Public Health1719 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis of an env ironmental hazard, The impact of communicable diseases and environmental hazards within public health and the factors that determine the severity of that impact will also be discussed. Public Health (PH) Wales was established as a National Health Service (NHS) in October 2009. One of its four statutory functions is to provide and manage a range of services relating to the surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases (Wales, P.H. 2013). Ensuring the safety of the Public’sRead MoreRisks of Nursing Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause of a lot of new diseases that have spread overtime. Although local hospitals and the government have been able to prevent the employees from getting ill; it is still likely to happen. Most people that decide to choose nursing as their major or profession assume that they will receive all positive benefits, but that assumed theory is not always the scenario. Many nurses do not initially realize that their career could possibly altar their health by: catching diseases, needle and syringe misuseRead MoreEthical Dilemma Of Mandatory Vaccinations1065 Words   |  5 Pagesof cows infected with cowpox and developed the cowpox pustules on their hands. Cowpox was similar to the unusually deadly smallpox, but much milder and less contagious. Jenner developed the theory that exposure to cowpox somehow protected the dairymaids from smallpox (Coico Sunshine, 2015). To test his theory, Je nner preformed what we would consider today to be an extremely unethical experiment. He took pus from a cowpox lesion and introduced it into a scratch on the arm of a young boy. After theRead MoreThis Is Public Health - a Comparison Between Old and New Public Health Systems in Australia1595 Words   |  7 Pagespublic health organisations have become increasingly important and prevalent in our society. As the World Health Organisation has tried to define health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it is obvious that health is viewed from many perspectives today and this can help explain the trends and shifts in public health as it tries to address a more modern and relevant set of determinates of health. The determinatesRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthe risk of exposure to diseases. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends 29 doses of 9 vaccines plus an annual flu vaccine for children ages 0 to six (CDC, 2017). There are twelve diseases that have been considered potentially dangerous that children are routinely vaccinated against. They include: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal disease, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB disease). There is much debateRead MoreInfectious Diseases Are The Biggest Threat Of Global Health945 Words   |  4 PagesInfectious Diseases are the biggest threat to global health† â€Å"Infectious diseases constitute a major problem for the world, but even more so in the developing world† (Fonkwo, 2008). Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be transmitted, directly or indirectly, from one person to another (WHO, 2015). No country can afford to remain distant in the war against these diseases, especially given the potentially far-reaching

Leadership Theories Of Leadership Styles - 4638 Words

Leadership theories The full spectrum of leadership styles is broad. The leadership styles continuum ranges from very directive to very non-directive: Autocratic, Benevolent Autocratic, Consultative, Participative, Consensus, and Laissez-Faire (Gibson, 1995). The autocratic leader an authority who make decisions or set goals and does not feel the need to explain them. The benevolent autocratic leader also rely on authority for decision-making, but may explain the thought process behind the decisions. Meanwhile, the consultative leader will obtain feedback from employees after developing their own ideas and will consider their subordinates input before making the decision. A consensus-building leader asks for democratic decision-making process where all members’ votes in the group are at least nominally equal. A laissez-faire leader will let subordinates make decisions for themselves (Gibson, 1995). Figure 1-Leadership Continuum (Gibson) Leadership styles are the tools used by managers and leaders to implement their plans and vision through their subordinates. There are numerous theories and practices to for these managers and leaders to select from, and for this discussion, we will focus on four-leadership styles (Transactional, Transformational, Servant Leadership, and Authentic) as a metric to measure cultural influence on the selected leadership styles. These four leadership styles are used to show distinct leadership style as described in figure 2. This chart showsShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership857 Words   |  4 Pagesproject shows that leadership is defined in many ways. Characteristics of a good leader are questionable. Leadership styles and theories, such as servant leadership, collective leadership, and dictatorship vastly differ but still share similar attributes. 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Also, the paper synthesizesRead MoreLeadership Theories And Leadership Styles1512 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide examples surrounding various leadership theories and leadership styles that sustain the definition of a public leader. First, this paper will provide a definition of a public leader. Next , it determine two leadership theories and two leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Also, this paper will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership theories. Subsequently, it will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership styles. Further, this paper will utilize properRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesGenerally, leadership is the art or process of influencing followers and subordinates to achieve the organizational goals. It helps an individuals or a group to identify its goals and assists in achieving the stated goals. 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An evaluation is made of the learner’s leadership characteristics and how they would enable the learnerRead MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Theories993 Words   |  4 Pagesto the other two leadership styles, I scored next highest in the delegate category and the least amount in the authoritative category. In this paper I will give a comprehensive overview of leadership styles and leadership management theories and how they relate to my style. Lastly, I will discuss my type of work environment, and three key actions or behaviors that I must demonstrate to be a successful leader. Alignment with management and leadership theories Leadership theories include trait, attitudinalRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership1386 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is known as the process of guiding groups, individuals and an organization in the establishment of goals as well as sustaining those goals. The concept of leadership incorporates a diversity of clarifications, leadership styles and theories. While looking at the leaders around us no matter if it’s our president or place of employment, we often find ourselves questioning exactly why these individuals shine in these positions. This essay will detail my leadership in relations of the transformationalRead MoreLeadership Theories And Leadership Style920 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership theories and Leadership Style In workplace condition, there are numerous dynamics which may affects a manager’s leadership style. The most significant features which will affect the choice of leadership styles or leadership behavior in a workplace condition need to identify. The most important factor which affects the manager’s leadership style is ‘Task’. The task is the real purpose of the team as well as the goals of the team. A manager’s upmost duty is to be certain that all team membersRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership2172 Words   |  9 PagesThere are many leadership styles and theories.   Effective leaders are required to possess problem-solving skills, maintain group effectiveness, be dynamic, passionate, and be a motivational influence on others.   There are two leadership approaches that are most popular.   They are Transactional leadership and Transformational leadership.   A transactional leader is the traditional â€Å"boss† image (Yoder-Wise, 2015).   In such work environment, employees have an understanding that the superiors make allRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Styles903 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomenon of leadership is based upon directing, influencing as well as motiv ating individuals for the purpose of implementing plans as well as running an organization. Leadership styles vary from person to person and is dependent upon the situations that the leader might be faced with (George, Sims, P. Sims, D., 2007). Basically, the leadership styles have been categorized into six types (i.e. commanding, visionary, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching leadership styles). All these

Percptions And Experiences On Provision †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Examining Nurses Percptions And Experiences On Provision Of Psycholoical Care To Burn Victims On Recovery Phase. Answer: Identifying research question Burn victims psychological needs are a very crucial part in recovery of their burn injuries. Moreover, little has been done on investigating the psychological care to burn patients. According to Bernstein (1976) he explored the idea on patients who had suffered large burn on their body surface area and burn on some body parts which are visible and concluded that those who had survived burns injuries have to agree with their new body shape and appreciate their worthiness following their burn injuries. Therefore, Bernstein proposes what the burn patients should overcome in their daily lives pertaining their new body shapes according to their psychological needs BUT he does not address on how to overcome and offer social and emotional support to we these challenges and burn patients. Thus, there lies a research gap to be undertaken to capture this bit of gap that exists between we and the burn patients. Burns patients need psychological assessment and also need to be provided both psychological support and care in the burns unit areas. According to previous conducted studies and findings it is found that a few patients who suffered burn reported statistically significant psychological matters because of their burn injuries as there is no discussion while being taken to hospital. Therefore, the proposed research topic is an emerging issue in the society and the researcher identifies this research gap in order to address the psychological issues on burn victims and to give a greater attention in-depth to this emerging issue. Past studies show that very little has been researched on relating to psychological issues and much of crucial information and actions have been neglected. And this brings greater suffering to the burn patients who really need mutual support from the society around them. Many studies and findings on the proposed research topic reveal that majority of burn victims are prone to psychological harm before recovery in burns unit. This motivates the researcher to undertake the proposed study so as to identify the research gaps in order to address the issue of psychological care to the burn victims very effectively and take necessary action to curb the vice against burn injuries. The researcher would also want to know the nurses role towards provision of psychological care to the burn victims and gain an opinion and new ideas of the subject. Literature review Many studies related to burn injuries are majorly based on various burns physical implications that concentrate mainly on major burn injuries. This literature review focuses majorly on various social and psychological implications and the nurses beliefs concerning the issues. Most of research studies in this area were found to use qualitative research methods that were effectively used for data collection analysis and interpretation. Some of the relevant topics in this area have been explored and discussed in depth in past studies and therefore this proposed study would only try to discuss in depth the very crucial information that seem to have lag behind. This would give a clear insight of these relevant topics and fill the research gap that seems to be unfilled and even allow for that gap for conducting future study in related areas. This underlying proposed study therefore addresses the following themes under the research topic of study. Psychological indictors/implications There is a very great risk of Burn victims resulting to some psychological effects that may differ from individual to the other. Complexities that may occur to a burn victim include, stress, depression, grief, sleep disturbances and anxiety. Depression is one of the most common side effects among the burn patients, (Lawrence et al, 2006). Moi et al. (2008), acknowledges that some psychological effects are predisposing factors that can cause depression, these include; isolation, stigmatization and social withdrawal. Hulbert-Williams et al. (2008) conducted a series of qualitative studies using qualitative methods to investigate the levels of anxiety related to severe burn in environs of Britain. The findings of the study reported that burn victims needed not just more of physical treatment but also in overcoming the stress and trauma that results from burn and much of therapy was necessary to reduce depression, anxiety and any other psychological issues experienced by burn patients. Psychological assessment and treatment of psychological issues is assigned roles to the nurses who really contribute to greater extend the physical recovery of the patient. Psychological interventions Blakeney et al. (2005) undertook a qualitative research that investigated how shorts term skill can help people to improve on stress and depression. The study composed of two groups that are, the treatment group and the control. The results of the research findings showed that the case (who received interventions workshops) as there were less withdrawal and had fewer parietal complaints and control group recorded no significant change. Muangman et al. (2005). conducted a study that focused on the benefits of psychological and physical variables which could be used to forecast survival in burn patients with serious and large burn injuries. He made some conclusions from his findings that really could be used to draw some inferences of the phenomenon. It concluded that lack of social support from family or friends and the society exposed burn victims to very high complications risks and therefore the nursing workers should take an initiative to support the patients and play their intervention role. This would reduce stress and anxiety levels the burn victims might be undergoing. Following the past studies in this area, it can be concluded that psychological interventions this will promote and increase patient recovery rate following burn injuries. Nursing Role According Greenfield (2010) besides knowledge required in burn care regarding physical effects, some effort is also required in rehabilitation services in burns unit and also psychological skills. Therefore, rehabilitation should take place in the very first day of admission in burns unit with the aim of restoring the whole self-esteem to the burn victims and enhancing psychological skills that may be of benefit to the patient. This would promote social support and psychological care and even improving the well-being of the burn victims who really are under hospitalization. This can be achieved through positive nursing input working in collaboration with patients and families to ensure continuous and efficient communication with both parties (Williams 2009). Finally, severe burn injuries need nursing interventions, therefore, patients who are suffering from these severe burn injuries often depend on nurses and nursing interventions in all areas of burns unit. Nurses should play a key role in their profession in handling all the cases and negative experiences encountered by the patients in the right manner. Nurses do assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation based on psychological care of burn victims (Baker et al. 2007) Research question The researcher intends to investigate the psychological issue in-depth and gain an insight of the same. He would also like to establish the role played by registered nurses Hospitals and hospital staff towards provision of psychological care to the burn victims. This would generally be of benefit to the burn victims and the concerned bodies. Much attention has to be paid towards offering psychological care to burn victims who suffer both acute and major burn injuries in visible body locations. As these burn injuries may bring a discomfort to the burn victims such as stress overload, loneliness, stigmatization, isolation, decreased self -esteem and other vices. Therefore, some improvised methods to improve service provision and burn treatment need to be implemented by the concerned bodies such as hospitals. Therefore, there exists a research gap in this area that will address all the factors that may contribute to the proposed study. This proposed study will therefore try to address the research question what are nurses perceptions and experience of providing psychological care for burn victims. Aims and objectives The underlying proposed study will answer this research question what are nurses perceptions and experiences of providing psychological care for burn victims? Some crucial emphasis on reviewing patients psychological care is necessary especially when the burn victims are under hospitalization. The nurses are entitled to the role of providing optimal psychological care to burn victims and also offering psychological assessment of the burn victims in the burns unit. The researcher therefore undertakes this proposed study to examine the nurses experience and perception in ensuring and providing psychological care to victims of burn Methodology A descriptive qualitative research design will be adopted for this proposed study for it will explore the research question under the proposed study. This research design selected for the research would be suitable to achieve the objective of the study since it is suited to answering the research question under study. Qualitative studies provide researchers with a chance to study behaviors, feelings, perspectives and experiences in depth. It also enlightens the researchers on quality and complexity of certain situations in holistic framework (Halloway and Wheeler 2002). This design facilitates qualitative methods under the proposed study that the researcher will use to justify the findings of the study. Qualitative research makes use of quantitative approach to gain insight necessary in the study. Given that there are mainly four approaches used in qualitative research namely phenomenology, historiography, ethnography and grounded theory, this research adopted none of the approaches, (Burn Groove, 2009). They were not suitable this study due to reliability and validity issues. The design chosen in the research must be the one which is most appropriate to answer and obtain objectives of the research question, (Parahoo, 2006). The descriptive approach help in explaining and describing the necessary and most important findings in a more exclusive way which free from error, biases and distortion, it help to describe, identify and summarize new issues or current position, (Brabury J. et al. 2009). The study chose this approach as researcher want to identify current issues with nurses perception, justify it or describe it. The design is appropriate as it facilitates achievement of research objective and aims. Sample Purposive sampling technique will be used. The sampling frame will be obtained by deploying nursing staff from a recognized regional burns unit established within the Melbourne, Australia. This sampling technique will only involve a small sample due to the complexity of the study and sequential analysis of data that will be required. The researcher would therefore request for permission of data collection from the involved bodies before gaining any consent from the participants. Data collection The researcher will conduct data collection for qualitative study. The data will be gathered through intensive interviews that will entail open -ended and semi-structured questions for clarity through open discussions. Oral interviews will give the researcher an opportunity to gather any additional information and also be able to identify some ambiguities in his research and seek clarification where necessary. In the process of data collection, the researcher will be expected to maintain the anonymity of the participants and their privacy during the interviews. Data analysis From data collection methods, qualitative data would be collected. The researcher will therefore employ the appropriate data analysis techniques for qualitative data. The data analysis process will be based on three activities data reduction, interpretation and reducing data into patterns/stratum for easy analysis. Data cleaning will also take process to remove ambiguous data points before any analysis commences. Statistical software such as SPSS, EXCEL and others will be used in analysis of the qualitative data. Data that will be gathered during the data collection process will reduced to strata and be categorized in order to identify similar themes and also effect the process of data cleaning. The process of data analysis will be accompanied by data interpretation of the findings of the research. Ethical considerations of the study Professionalism: this ensures professional ethics and codes are followed by the researcher. This also helps the researcher to have self respect and respect those who will be in the study. Confidentiality: the researcher is bound to respect confidentiality of participants; the information obtained is supposed to be used only for study and destroyed afterwards. Permission: The participation to this study is supposed to be granted from university. Informed consent: the participation to the study is voluntary, the researcher should inform those participating they are free to be in the study or not. No one is supposed to forced to participates in the study. References Beck A.T., Ward E., Mendelson M., Mock J. Erlbaugh J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archive General Psychiatry. 4, 561-671 Bradbury-Jones C., Irvine F. Sambrook S. (2010). Phenomenology and participant feedback: Convention or contention. Nurse Researcher. Burns, N. Grove, S.K. (2009). The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. Saunders, USA. Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., Ter Weel, B. (2008). The economics and psychology of personality traits. Journal of Human Resources, 43(4), 972-1059 Benjamin, L. T. (2009). The birth of American Intelligence Testing. Monitor on Psychology, 40(1), 20. Campbell, J.L. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.946967. Cormack D. (2000). The Research Process in Nursing. 4th edn. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, Great Britain Holaday M. Yarbrough A. (1996). Results of a hospital survey to determine the extent and type of psychological services offered to patients with severe burns. Journal of Burn care and Rehabilitation. 17, 280 Klein J.M. (2009). Perspectives in psychiatric consultation liaison nursing: The psychiatric nurse in burn care. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 45(1), 71-74. Lawrence J.W., Heinberg L., Roca R., Spence R., Munster A. Fauerbach J.A. (1998). Frequency and correlates of depression symptoms among long-term adult burn survivors. Rehabilitation Psychology. 51(4), 306-313. LoBiondo-Wood G. Haber J (2002). Nursing Research: Methods, Critical Appraisal and Utilization. 5th edn. Mosby. St Louis, USA. Metz, E. C., Youniss, J. (2005). Longitudinal gains in civic development through school-based required service. Political Psychology, 25, 494-511. Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition. Pearson Education Limited: UK.